杉木老龄林群落的种-多度关系研究

以杉木老龄林群落为研究对象,结合对数级数和对数正态分布模型,建立3 600 m2的大样地分析杉木老龄林群落的种-多度关系。结果表明:样方的平均物种数和个体数分别为6.86种和35.75株,各样方的物种数及个体数存在极显著正相关关系,说明杉木老龄林群落中生境空间对物种个体的承载能力,还未限制其物种数量。个体数-种序(p>0.05)和频度-种序(p>0.05)的分布曲线均符合对数级数分布;对数正态分布模型则能够较好拟合个体数-种序(p>0.05)的分布曲线,但频度-种序(p<0.05)的分布曲线则不适合用该模型来解释。随着尺度的增加,物种数和个体数的变异系数、二者间的相关性及物种数的方差逐步下降,个体数的方差却呈上升的趋势。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒S2基因B细胞表位的筛选及其单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的 应用生物学软件与单克隆抗体技术相结合的方法鉴定PEDV S2基因B细胞表位肽。方法 利用CLC Sequence viewer 6.8软件及在线数据库IEDB筛选出PEDV S2基因B细胞表位,并人工合成表位肽。将表位肽与钥孔血蓝蛋白（KLH）耦联后作为抗原,免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,通过ELISA法筛选出抗体效价较高的小鼠进行1次加强免疫,3 d后取脾脏制备脾细胞悬液进行细胞融合。经HAT选择培养基培养筛选有效杂交瘤细胞,采用ELISA法筛选阳性克隆继续进行扩大培养。将部分阳性杂交瘤细胞进行小鼠腹腔注射,并收集腹水。通过ELISA方法分别检测小鼠腹水和单克隆细胞株培养上清液抗体效价,确定最高效价作为后备细胞株。结果 筛选出B细胞表位肽序列为:MQYVYTPTYYML;免疫多肽抗原后融合前血清抗体效价达到1:2 000;BALB/c小鼠腹水及单克隆细胞株培养物上清液ELISA检测结果显示抗体效价达到1:4 000。结论 筛选出了PEDV S2基因B细胞表位,为PEDV表位肽疫苗载体构建研究提供参考。     

Antinociceptive diterpene from Euphorbia decipiens

One myrsinol-type diterpene ester (1) isolated from Euphorbia decipiens was evaluated for analgesic activity in the acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. Different dose (5-20 mg/kg i.p.) of the compound showed significant antinociceptive activity, which was comparable to standard analgesic drugs, aspirin and ibuprofen (100 mg/kg i.p.).     

Infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) induces a natural killer (NK) cell response in cattle that is lacking following vaccination

Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in innate antiviral immunity by directly lysing virus-infected cells and producing antiviral cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ). We developed a system for characterizing the bovine NK response to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which causes a disease of cloven-hoofed animals and remains a threat to livestock industries throughout the world. IL-2 stimulation of PBMC resulted in poor killing of human K562 cells, which are often used as NK target cells, while lysis of the bovine BL3.1 cell line was readily detected. Depletion of NKp46-expressing cells revealed that 80% of the killing induced by IL-2 could be attributed to NKp46⁺ cells. In order to characterize the response of NK cells against FMDV in vivo, we infected groups of cattle with three different strains of the virus (A24 Cruzeiro, O1 Manisa, O Hong Kong) and evaluated the cytolytic ability of NK cells through the course of infection. We consistently observed a transient increase in cytolysis, although there was variation in magnitude and kinetics. This increase in cytolysis remained when CD3⁺ cells were removed from the preparation of lymphocytes, indicating that cytolysis was independent of MHC-T cell receptor interaction or γδ T cell activation. In contrast, animals monitored following vaccination against FMDV did not exhibit any increase in NK killing. These data suggest that NK cells play a role in the host immune response of cattle against FMDV, and contrast with the suppression of NK activity previously observed in swine infected with FMDV.     

Contents,vol. 8, nos. 1–6, 1990

Contents, vol. 8, nos. 1–6, 1990     

Chemical Constituents of Lagenaria siceraria Mesocarp and Its Xanthine Oxidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities

The present study was conducted to identify natural products in the bioactive fractions of Lagenaria siceraria mesocarp. Column chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for separation and identification of phytochemicals. Methanolic extract and its fractions displayed alpha-amylase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities comparable to standard drugs. GC-MS analysis of the fractions and column eluates revealed the presence of a variety of chemical compounds, including 4-(methoxymethyl)phenol, 2,2?-methylenebis{6(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethyl}phenol, methyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate, oxacyclododecane-2,8-dione, N-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl] acetamide, 2,3-Epoxycarane, 4-(propan-2-yl)benzaldehyde, octadec-1-ene, 4a-methyl-1-methylidene-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene, 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)naphthalene, methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoate, 4,8a-dimethyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran, methyl N-hydroxybenzenecarboximidoate, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid. Many of these compounds are being reported for the first time from this plant, the presence of which may explain, at least partly, its medicinal efficacy. The fruit possesses significant anti-enzymatic properties against alpha-amylase and xanthine oxidase, and the most active compounds of mesocarp of the fruit appear in ethyl acetate fraction of its methanolic extract.     

嫩板栗脱蒲试验台的设计与试验

基于国内板栗脱蒲机,针对六至八成熟的嫩板栗存在的机器脱蒲分离率低、适应性差、容易损伤及嫩板栗成熟周期短等问题,设计了一种嫩板栗脱蒲试验台。该试验台选用柔性挤压的脱蒲方法,利用旋转的脱蒲滚子与栅栏挤压杆相互揉搓挤压作用对嫩板栗进行脱蒲。该试验台的脱蒲滚子及栅栏挤压杆均可更换。通过试验对比,可以分析出不同类型的脱蒲滚子与挤压杆对板栗脱蒲的影响。此外,本试验台配备了变频器,可以在不更换电动机的前提下,将电动机的转速进行随意调节。测试结果表明:该试验台不同的脱蒲滚子、栅栏挤压杆及主轴的旋转速度都会对嫩板栗的脱蒲造成不同的影响,根据不同的数据可以为嫩板栗脱蒲机械提供不同的改善方案及理论依据。     

Recent advances in molecular marker techniques: Insight into QTL mapping,GWAS and genomic selection in plants

Recent advances in sequencing technology have brought several novel platforms for marker development and subsequent genotyping. The high-throughput and cost effective marker techniques have changed the entire scenario of marker applications. The huge genotypic data obtained with next generation sequencing (NGS) also demands analytical tools, statistical advances, and comprehensive understanding to cope with breeding applications. In the present review, we discussed different available marker techniques, their strengths, and limitations. Emphasis was given on software tools, analytical pipelines, workbenches, and online resources available for marker development. Comparison of SNP genotyping involving complexity reduction techniques like GBS, RRL, RAD, and array-based platforms were presented in a view to describe suitability for specific purposes. We found that genotyping by whole genome re-sequencing has great potential, and could be a routine application in the near future with continuously decreasing cost of sequencing. Microsatellites, still a valuable option for breeders, have also advanced with NGS. Here a catalogue of tools for microsatellite evaluation in short sequence reads was provided. The most common applications of molecular marker like QTL mapping, genome-wide association mapping (GWAS), and genomic selection were highlighted. The present review will be helpful for the effective utilization of available resources and for the planning of crop improvement programs employing molecular marker techniques.     

Dissolved and Particulate Heavy Metals in the Salado River (Santa FE, Argentina)

The objective of this work is to analyze Fe, Mn, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn distributions in the water column in terms of total, dissolved, and particulate concentrations in the Salado River (Santa Fe – Argentina); their relationship with total, dissolved and suspended solids; and the impact of two pollution sources on the watercourse: a stream that collects domestic and industrial wastewater discharges of the region and a direct discharge that releases urban and industrial effluents to the river. Water samples obtained from 5 surveys were analyzed. The Salado River transported a load of heavy metals that ranged from 700 g/s to 2200 g/s of Fe, 20 g/s to 60 g/s of Mn and 1 g/s to 3 g/s of Cr. Results show that most metals were found in particulate form, that the metal input from the direct discharge may be significant at low water levels, whereas a lesser impact was produced by the stream, and that both pollution sources were negligible at high water levels.